Review: The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal

The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal by M. Mitchell Waldrop
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

As someone who has been fascinated by computers and internet, I have always wanted to get a comprehensive overview of the whole technology involved. A complete narrative with a beginning and the end(sort of). The only problem with that is that the whole information technology is at the intersection of diverse scientific fields and it is difficult to decode the magic even for someone well versed in one subject let alone someone who is alien to all.
This book fixes that. The author starts right where it all began. The beginning theoretical base on top of which applications were build. The visionaries(Most prominent among them, JCR Licklider- The name that stands throughout the book) who imagined it all decades earlier and laid groundwork to work towards the goal. Right from the primitive world war 2 computers to the macintosh computers, from vacuum tubes to microchips, from IBM mainframes to Intel, The book covers all major developments as well as their influence on further developments.
The history of computing is a fascinating subject and anyone interested should mark this book must-read.

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Review: The Lessons of History

The Lessons of History The Lessons of History by Will Durant
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

Insightful and concise. The point that stood out for me was that history is so rich of examples that you can make a case for any narrative you want to construct and you will have some past event to justify the argument. What is needed then is to look at the progressive flow, the repitetive patterns(the rise and fall of civilisations) and take a lesson from it.

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Review: Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder

Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder by Nassim Nicholas Taleb
My rating: 4 of 5 stars

The central idea of this book is that anything can be categorised into 3 classes.
Fragile: Things that hate disorder (a glass on the table will break when shook)
Robust: Things that are unchanged from volatility. (A rock will be a robust to a certain limit)
Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder. (Living beings, humans included)
Now one of the latest mistakes of humanity is the obsession with predicting volatility and suppressing the risks associated,what the author calls naive intervention. The risk thus gets accumulated and after a period does even more damage( A plane crash once in a while minimizes the chances of future crashes but financial blowups are a result of not allowing certain institutions,like banks, to fail in time)
This naive intervention is particularly interesting in medical science. The suppression of minor stressors and disrespect for the complexity of the biological systems has led to a long history of medical iatrogenics. Medical science has certainly helped to cure the critical conditions of illness but overintervention(as in case of personal doctors who have to do something to justify their profession) causes even non-critical patients to undergo procedures where the downside is far greater than the upside.(Humans are by design Antifragile to a certain limit, what doesn't kill us makes us stronger)
The solution is to bring in the skin in the game. The idea is that those who predict should be held accountable for the losses of people relying on the prediction. People who make taxpayers pay billions by gaming the system and failing should pay their share just as they collect their bonuses.

Progress is Antifragile. Everything progressive about our civilization has come about through experimentation and allowing things to fail on their own. Scientific theories, technology, entrepreneurship all have low success rate given the number of attempts made over time. This is good because it makes sure that only good ideas and practices survive.
We can benifit from volatility by bringing in optionality that is minimising the downside( as Intuitive as this sounds the 'how' of this concept is explained pretty well by the author.)
I liked the book very much. But had to resist to give it 5stars because the author gets too aggressive towards people he disagrees with(rather he disrespects and shames them and by 'them' I mean economists)

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Review: The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World

The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the WorldThe Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World by David Deutsch
My rating: 4 of 5 stars

The book opens with an innocent remark that knowledge creation is a product of human creativity as opposed to empiricism or inductivism and takes off from there. The author defines a good explanation as the one that can be tested and is hard to vary. E.g Scientific theories. With the example of change in seasons, the author differentiates between the scientific explanation(tilted axis) and the ancient myth(something about a God being angry...Not testable, easy to vary)

The central theme is that we are at the beginning of infinity, that anything not prohibited by laws of physics will come to be(rather can be). That knowledge has no bounds. And all problems are solvable. It is an optimistic view and the author doesn't shy away from accepting that. Rather he proudly declares that pessimism is what hinders the creation of knowledge, if optimism overestimates our capability to overcome problems, pessimism make sure we never do.

The author goes on to say all our problems come(or came) from ignorance. As an example, what keeps humans from dying from extreme conditions which would easily have killed our ancestors is the knowledge that we have not just created but passed on over generations. E.g Knowledge to create fire.
Essentially information/knowledge is passed on in two ways: Genes (biological replicators) and Memes(ideas that are replicators). And so begins the commentary on culture, creativity, creation, objective truth(or beauty)etc

Honestly, it is impossible to write the gist of the book. I lack the intellectual depth to thread all the ideas together.
It was a fun read and yet another book that I will be reading again.

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Review: The White Tiger

The White Tiger The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga
My rating: 3 of 5 stars



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Review: Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

When you really like a book this good you wish you had read it earlier.
Steve jobs was a genius, innovator, a creator with an honestly earned reputation of being an asshole.
For years now he has earned a god like reputation among entrepreneurs or should I say hip engineering grads. Growing up in 60s meant drugs and music was part of the hip culture that he partake in for a while. Soon after that began his search for meaning and spirituality in early college years, his trip to India for that same pursuit and finally dropping out of college as well. Luck, destiny or will-whatever it was led him to finally start Apple and the rest is history.
His obsession for delivering what people didn't know they wanted(once asked whether he will do a market study he replied with a Ford's response to the same question, ' If I had asked people what they wanted they would have asked for faster horses.") distinguished his company from other contemporary companies and competitors.
His power to get the best out of people by pushing them to extremes is also well documented in the book. His colleagues refered to it as his reality distortion field that means people agreed to do things that they deemed impossible when they talked to him, and the field seems to work on Jobs himself when he wanted to shut off from something he didn't want to deal with. Whether it was his troubled relationship with his abandoned girlfriend and her daughter Lisa, or whether it was dealing with cancer later in his life, he had inhuman power of will to ignore things he didn't want to confront.
I now understand why people worship him. It is because he was unlike most people. 'He wasn't smart. He was a genius.' concludes the author.
I am impressed by how the author manages to narrate a complex and layered story without losing any details.
This is my 2nd Walter Isaacson book and I have already added his other works to my virtual library. Really enjoyed reading this book.

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Review: The Psychology of Money

The Psychology of Money The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel
My rating: 4 of 5 stars

The title is enticing so I gave it a read. It has some good points and also good selection of examples to justify them. In general a good book but it talks mostly in context of investing. Put shortly, it is one of those books you know are full of good advices just not completely relatable yet.

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Review: Educated

Educated Educated by Tara Westover
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

Tara Westover has accomplished that which not many authors can- She has given voice to something that is deep within each of us. The exact story is not relatable to every reader but there is a portion of it that one will be able to relate in some way. Her story is a portrayal of how as an adult she had to wrestle with the beliefs she had as a child. The difference between her story and that of ours is that in her case her parents took the shape of an adversary but in our case, it can be anything- The society, our friends, acquaintances or the people you have grown up or identified with and most of the times it may just purely be battle in one's mind.
I can't possibly say that my story is in any way as harsh as her's but I could feel the emotions throughout the story because I have had the same crisis of identity for a long time. To find someone having fought a similar battle is reassuring.
The way story proceeds is worth reflecting on, how we constantly negate and unlearn things and how incessant unlearning can sometimes strip you of your identity but the important lesson is growth is a process of unlearning and relearning and if that stops too soon in one's life it becomes a hindrance, a roadblock.

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Drop The Act

One thing about me, that I have reluctantly given up fighting, is that I can't be inspired for too long. I guess many people feel that too. But I take a slightly different path. Not only do those bouts of motivation fade away, I hate to restore them altogether.
It is like I can see through it all. The fragility and pointlessness of it all. Don't take this the wrong way. I won't bother you with my whining and stoner talk or walk you through my frustrations from life.
I know the pointlessness of life is the point of life. That you get to pick your goals and pat your back once you accomplish them. I understand that.
What I take problem with is how people never drop their character.
It is like the cameras were set rolling when they were born and are permanently performing on the Shakespearean stage of life and they intend to taste the sweet taste of death there.
I, on the other hand, like any sane actor am balancing my life between the meta-realities and facade that is life. 
I need you to admit that you are performing too, that you have not mistaken the act for your life. 
That you are not possessed by the ghosts of evolution as you do what the ghost tells you to do. Chase any mundane goal that the ghost points you towards. That you are not fooled by your monkey brain chasing anything that increases the chances of replicating your DNA. Like a wild dandelion waiting for the wind to carry its spores away to farther lands, like that tree desperately trying to sweeten its fruits in a hope that some four legged beast might choose to eat it. 
You are better than that. You are self aware. That's the only mistake of evolution that has worked in our favour. Like a rite of exorcism it has enabled us to cast out the ghost that kept us possessed for so long. But as relentless as the ghost is it never left us completely. So I need you to take control, for the ghost will always be there.
I need you to be in control of you. Shut the cameras once in a while and run away some place away from the hassle and watch the sun set and go to sleep. Let the (Truman) show end.

Social Anxiety

I like socialising and I feel everybody does too. It has got to do with our evolutionary instincts. Part of us wants to interact with our fellow embodiments of DNA. It relieves us from the burden of our consciousness. Leave a person alone with it and he will go crazy. 
Social interaction is a precursor to the need for collaboration for our survival. So our brain has a reward mechanism to make us want to somehow interact with others.
Why then is social anxiety a thing. Why should all the embarrassing encounters haunt me at midnight instead of cheering me up with happy thoughts? Well turns out that is perfectly explained by an evolutionary perspective. To refine our social interaction and optimise the returns our brain penalises us for the things that have the potential to ruin the future encounters too. So being mindful of any embarrassing thing you did at a gathering is your brain explicitly telling you to avoid that thing. It is a simple but elegant solution.
But that's just one way of seeing it. Sometimes the social anxiety is crippling to the point where the return on any interaction is so low that one is forced to not participate at all. That is where introverts are born. A breed of individuals so sensitive to the stimulus of the social interaction that they stop actively participating in it.
Come to think of it majority of the developments in past decades has come because those godforsaken people have been given access to contribute to growth without having to interact one on one. Particularly developments in computer science, open-source software. (Think of Linux and many programming languages and frameworks)
With the rise of social media, social interaction has been effectively democratised. By hiding behind the blue screens we are less mindful of having to avoid embarrassing situations. So some introverts can finally let it go. Yet an evolved breed of introverts, let's call them social media introverts, who are so shy of their opinions that they can't own up to them are still there and again the anonymity and privacy offered by some internet forums come to their rescue. 

Placement Diaries

I am still not placed after two weeks and it is a real bummer. Eye-opener of sorts. I can't say that there is a silver lining here but I am forced to think in retrospect. What went wrong, what and where I lacked.

The thing is placements are too random to pass a judgement on yourself. But I can't hide from the fact that the guys, who I was certain will get offers within the first three days, got it. So again not that random to not admit that something in me was at fault too.

To begin with, I lacked confidence all through the session. All through the interviews, I felt like I was scratching a lottery ticket hoping luck turns my way. As fucked up as it is, I was hoping for them to commit a mistake of hiring me. That's what I thought about my job offer, a mistake on their part.

Really crazy how those minor psychological flaws manifest in the interviews. Afraid of being wrong, taking the easy route, not challenging yourself, things of that sort.

As under confident as I was, there were other feelings that took away the spotlight from the better part of me. Like the fear of not getting placed for the past year. I only worried and felt like that I don't have it in me that companies would value. That's the worst part of it, you know. Setting value for yourself too low to distance yourself away from race, that you were set to run. One might trick oneself into believing that setting humble goals will serve as baby steps but essentially it is just escaping from the realities. IITs have brutal competition and you thrive only by throwing yourself into the crowd. It's kind of like how you move in a mob. You just get in the middle of procession and the crowd moves you forward. It is uncomfortable, sure, but it gets you where all go, which is what you want to.

I see now, little clearly, that how I value my time, capabilities, skills are reflected in my conversation and my dialogue and it isn't hard for interviewers to pick those signs up. And they should too. A company cannot benefit from people who don't believe themselves and value themselves.

I can't just whine and rant endlessly over the randomness of the placements. 

I gotta say though, this placement gifted me with the confidence that was missing for quite a while. Like Neo from The Matrix

 I am beginning to believe in myself.

I was lost and when you are lost even the most natural phenomenon haunt you. The rustling of leaves, the gushing of water, the animals' sounds, that might be cheerful normally haunt you in the dark night. That's how I felt about every human activity. Every accomplishment intimidated me. 

My theory is that this placement exposed my greatest fear. It stripped me of the only shroud I so desperately wanted to cover myself with. Now that it is all out I have nothing to hide. Nothing to prove to anybody. 

It might just be the best thing to come out of this failure.

So I am at a junction where I have no option but to be confident. I see no alternative than to believe in my capabilities and skills. 

Repost: A Teacher to His Student

True, we met.
But know that the mountain you are climbing, I am descending from it. I know the heights of it, the steepness of it. So when I tell you about it, you laugh. I smile a modest smile. For someone also did the same when I was you, when I was climbing and when I was learning, yet I boasted of being nothing. Now when we part and move in our ways, and you will face those arduous slopes where a single step up becomes tough to take, then you will remember my smile and that will move you.
If ever I had forced you to accept, though truth, you would have refused then and forgotten me the moment we parted.
But the truth came to you and you remembered me, remembered that someone has stepped there before and moved to a height where your heart spaces fear and freedom, skies and the earth, hate and love all in one place. That kept you going.
Soon the time will come that you will have to descend from the heights to smile at everyone who comes in your way back, to tell them about the path they are heading, though they won't accept it, just like you didn't.
But they too will remember you at those difficult times which no one can skip, for they are the attributes of the mountain, not the path.
No matter which way you climb it, you have to face the slope to reach a height.

Aaah I see you are a man of culture

My attitude towards my Kashmiri identity has changed.
I used to escape from it, a foolish attempt to distance from it or replace it for its imperfections. Naturally a question as to why I would want to do something like that has to be asked. Now that I think about it I think it stemmed from the confusion that being Kashmiri is akin to being a Muslim. So any doubt I had about my religion used to shake my Kashmiri identity simultaneously. It was the gradual realisation that religion and culture (though they influence each other) are two separate entities. Another reason might be that my attitude towards religion is changed too. (That I will discuss some other time.) 
The real and gradual change came as I came to know about different cultures and now I am resolved that it was the worst mistake one can do.
One must understand that cultural differences are just differences and not imperfections that need fixing. 
 
Anything that you resent about the community you grew up in is probably because you are temporarily subjected to change in that particular thing that benefits you at an individual level and you are missing the bigger picture. Society is more than an individual. It operates as a complete entity. Other cultures might benefit you one way but there is always a tradeoff in another part oblivious to you at that particular point of time. One might suggest that why not adopt different culture then if it is all the same. The major downside is that your own culture(that's the one you were born in) has substantial share in the foundations of your identity. Other reason is that the moment you stop being a part of the culture you lose the trust and privilege (most of which you should realise are taken for granted) which is earned just by being part of certain culture. It's that trust which makes one's home a home. In my case for example, it is that ethnic bond (known to flourish within minorities). So once that trust is lost you will feel like an outsider among the same people you felt home with.To anyone outside Kashmir I am always a Kashmiri Muslim, apple nourished and fair skinned. Whether or not I am proud of it doesn't matter to them.  But it matters very much to me and substantially determines my happiness and satisfaction.
So I might as well be proud of it, for my own sake. Now I must emphasize that being proud of your culture doesn't mean a dogmatic belief the likes of which I need not point out. Rather think of it as a trick you play on your mind, while you know that no culture is perfect in moral sense and as long as there are no moral conflicts it wouldn't hurt to blindly follow the tradition.
I can go to great lengths about the same but that would just be a commentary on above points(if they make any sense at all).
“The undignified mania of trying to adapt and conform and assimilate, which happens among many of my social standing, has always been very repulsive to me” Einstein

Advice to the younger Me

You can't crush everything. You can be good at few things(let's settle with a golden number of 3) 

More importantly, you don't need to be good at more than few things for many reasons.

You have limited time and resources and they thin out as you spend them on more tasks. Putting your efforts here and there will just make you average (at best) and ultimately a jack of all trades. 

So focus on your core competency. Don't shut off other fields completely(Have a basic understanding of them)

And engage with people from diverse background. It is the best way to overcome one's own shortcomings. 

Read books, blogs and increase your horizons but don't feel overwhelmed or intimidated by the sheer brilliance of people. Know that they just happen to know their core skills before you do. And when you do find yours you will be unstoppable. 

Ignoring truth for temporary happiness

We are not comfortable with truths that disagree with our presumptions. I have been so wrong so many times that now I am cautious to assert my position on any damn thing. I think this is the basic dilemma in life-Putting your opinions more and more out there makes you more prone to getting corrected and if it is incessant then it might hurt your self-confidence and make you lose your integrity but then again not putting anything out there will keep you in the dark. 

So to me, life is all about finding that golden balance(which is basically characteristic of a particular human being) where the input(getting corrected)and output(putting ourselves out there) is in proportion. 

Music

 To me, a song is like a portrait of society the only difference is that a song has temporal dimensions while a picture has spatial dimensions.

So to make a beautiful song you should pursue different aspects of human society and shed light on them which is simply impossible to talk in normal conversations.

The reason is that when I am talking only words come out and if at some point I lose a thought or make little sense the listener immediately becomes distracted or loses interest in the conversation. Songs, however, have so many things to keep you occupied. There are lyrics and if they stop making sense there is rhythm and the music itself, the melody and the symphony of instruments. It's like different waves stacked on top of each other such that if one fails to carry the listener away the others will do the trick. 

Religous Indoctrination

Religious indoctrination has to be the greatest injustice done to any soul to ever breathe on this earth not because there is something inherently wrong in religion any more than other replaceable ideologies but because it snatches away the freedom of a person that God has trusted every human being with.

Any religion essentially teaches us to ponder over the universe and look for answers on our own. And a dogmatic approach towards religion and God inhibits our ability to appreciate the concept of God in the truest sense. To wrest our power and somehow limit that freedom is a great disservice to our own the very idea of God.

The greatest danger in such an approach is that the person loses his own identity and he pins his whole self on the indoctrinated concept and devotes his whole life to something which he never chose for himself.

And conversely, a person who thinks for himself is not only comfortable in his own deductions is more content. He develops a resistance to take attacks on an ideology personally as he is not defined by it.

I personally believe in the abstract concept of God in a way inspired by Einstien's understanding of God- The entity which made the universe comprehensible through simple and beautiful mathematical truths. 

Again I can't force anyone to see it all the same because our individual experience with truth, which is famously depicted by the five blind men and an elephant story, is different. And that's the beauty of free-will. 

 

Life at IITRoorkee-Part 2

Almost two years back I wrote a rant about life at IITR. I accidentally stumbled upon it a few days ago and I couldn't believe I wrote it. In my defence, I was going through a mid-IIT crisis(A term I like to throw around as an explanation to the sudden unleashing of the beast as observed in most students somewhere around the end of the second year). So I decided to write a new post and here we are.

I came into this college as an arrogant prick and I will be leaving as an a humble, down to earth marginally unconfident piece of shit.

I don't know whether this is a good transformation or a bad one(that stands testimony to my unconfident part) and I will see to that. 

What I will say though is that the fundamental change that I went through, irrespective of when and how has been a great process to witness. How I learned to not just identify other people's talents but acknowledge and be inspired by it. Before that, I was so self-absorbed that I didn't bother to look it, not so much disregard it.

But even more amazing, being the first person witness is how it all went down. How in my first year I tried to protect myself from what I mistook as unnecessary noise and how in the second year it somehow found its way into my brain and shattered my beliefs, my biases and essentially left my whole personality hollow. That's the toughest part in my opinion. I could have easily given up, and I tried, but the dominating environment that encompasses the campus didn't let me succeed. So I had to feel the pain of seeing the truth. Seeing the world as it is. Acceptance of truth is the final stage but seeing the truth requires a lot of gives and little takes that makes it such a hard tradeoff. Needless to say that by the end of the second year I had succumbed to the pressures and in a pressure to adjust taken to some bad habits, the details of which I shall spare you. It was a miserable year for me and it becomes clear when you read this blog I wrote at that time.

By the third year, I had come to see, not accept, the reality as it is-Unbiased, non-judgemental. It opened my brain to new challenges new puzzles that it had never been exposed to. So the mental workout that followed all through my third year of college life left me exhausted but I learned many lessons along the way. That confident, out of touch with reality self was replaced by deeply thoughtful, sceptic and unconfident self. Looking at that state from outside one would have easily said that's not growth but a downgrade. But as I looked at it my earlier confidence was not stemming from my conscious assessment of my capabilities and shortcomings but just straightforward cockiness the types of which most people have dealt with in their lives. 

So in a way, it was a relearning process and it was necessary to unlearn first.

I will branch off from topic here and add that at the same time internships were going on and as I was back then it was hard for me to give my best. I was in an unfinished state at that time and needless to say they didn't go very well. Although I landed in one Japanese company, corona took away that opportunity. So eventually I ended up doing an OK-internship. 

So with corona's unexpected entry, there was a minor pause in my campus life. But amazingly the flow that had been acquired somehow kept me growing even as I was sitting at home doing nothing.

It is almost the end of the first semester of the fourth year as I am writing this and I am beginning to accept the reality. I have chosen to readjust my beliefs that are coherent with universal truths, the mathematical facts if you say. I can't say I am finished work. But I am close to building the foundations that will guide me through.

This couldn't have arrived any sooner. The placements are going on. Not that bagging a lucrative offer is somehow a testimony of who I am as a person, but since I an relieved of the intensive work my brain was doing, I can now focus on preparing for placements. 


Review: The Start-Up of You: Adapt to the Future, Invest in Yourself, and Transform Your Career

The Start-Up of You: Adapt to the Future, Invest in Yourself, and Transform Your Career The Start-Up of You: Adapt to the Future, Invest in Yourself, and Transform Your Career by Reid Hoffman
My rating: 3 of 5 stars

Its one of those books that is relevant only when you reach a certain stage. Not that you can't understand the principles put forward but it's just you can't appreciate it as much as you would at the time when it becomes relevant.
The key concept portrayed in the book is that one's personal career is very much like a startup. The job guarantee is gone and the world is changing rapidly. Great concept as it answers lot of insights about agility, risk taking and anti-fragility.
Overall a good read. Has some great suggestions that one should keep in head during professional journey.

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Review: Einstein: His Life and Universe

Einstein: His Life and Universe Einstein: His Life and Universe by Walter Isaacson
My rating: 5 of 5 stars

A must read.
While reading the book I felt as if I was a mute spectator of Einstein's journey from beginning to end.
One has to appreciate what walter Isaacson has done to narrate his life to the truest possible knowledge (the bias and misinformation nevertheless finds a way in biographies of great men). Either the author is ridiculously amazing or I just found my favourite genre.
And obviously I can't help but marvel at what a remarkable life Einstein lived. One can argue his monumental contribution to science ended in 1915 and for the rest of his life he shiftes towards politics and philosophy while simultaneously fiddling with the equations to churn out something as marvelous as his theory of relativity failed continuously. But then again more than his theories his curiosity, respect and awe towards nature and her mathematical manifestations and most importantly how his mind worked are what one can (only try to) re-enact in one's own life.
This book is definitely one of the best I have read and I know I will be referring to the highlights every now and then.

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Advice to the younger Me

You can't crush everything. You can be good at few things(let's settle with a golden number of 3)  More importantly, you don't n...